HTML5 Peeks, Pokes and Pointers

Common abbreviations (you’ll see these throughout this chart):
$new=document.createElement $bool=function(any){return!(any=="no"||!any)}
Most new features can be detected in JavaScript. To test for HTML5 video support, create a <video> element and check for a property in its DOM: if("canPlayType" in $new("video")){...} See Chapter 2: Detecting HTML5 Features.

New elements

5 > 2 Forms

See Chapter 3: What Does It All Mean? Backward-compatible with HTML 4. See Chapter 9: A Form of Madness.
Test for support Test for support
<command> "type" in $new("command") Validation "noValidate" in $new("form")
<datalist> "options" in $new("datalist") Regex constraint "pattern" in $new("input")
<details> "open" in $new("details") Placeholder text "placeholder" in $new("input")
<output> "value" in $new("output") Autofocus "autofocus" in $new("input")
<progress> "value" in $new("progress") Required "required" in $new("input")
<meter> "value" in $new("meter") New input types Browsers may customize style or input methods.
<time> "valueAsDate" in $new("time") type="search" search box
Text annotations <ruby>, <rt>, <rp> type="number" spinbox
Semantics Usable in all browsers. IE < 9 requires a shim. type="range" slider
<article>, <aside>, <header>, <hgroup>, <footer>, type="color" color picker
<section>, <nav>, <figure>, <figcaption>, <mark>, type="tel" telephone number
<summary> type="url" web address
Newly documented <embed>, <keygen>, <wbr> type="email" email address
Obsolete Still supported, but won’t validate. type="date"/"time"/"month"/"week"/"datetime"
<basefont>, <big>, <center>, <font>, <s>, <strike>, Test for new input types All tests follow the same pattern.
<frame>, <frameset>, <noframes>, <applet>, <dir>, function() {
<isindex>, <tt>, <u>, <acronym> (use <abbr>)   var i = $new("input");

Always quote your attribute values unless you’re a rockstar. Keep your trailing slashes if you like. Validation is still cool: html5.validator.nu

  i.setAttribute("type", "search");
  return i.type !== "text";
}
Some browers claim to “support” an input type but offer no default
user interface. Modernizr can detect this.

look ma, no plugins Multimedia

Encode video with Firefogg (Theora), HandBrake (H.264), or Miro Video Encoder (multiple). See Chapter 5: Video on the Web.
<audio> support "canPlayType" in $new("audio")
Vorbis $bool($new("audio").canPlayType('audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"'))
MP3 $bool($new("audio").canPlayType('audio/mpeg;'))
AAC $bool($new("audio").canPlayType('audio/mp4; codecs="mp4a.40.2"'))
<video> support "canPlayType" in $new("video")
WebM $bool($new("video").canPlayType('video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"'))
Theora $bool($new("video").canPlayType('video/ogg; codecs="theora"'))
H.264 $bool($new("video").canPlayType('video/mp4; codecs="avc1.42E01E, mp4a.40.2"'))
Properties These apply to both <audio> and <video> elements.
src string currentSrc string, read-only
preload string tracks array of TimedTrack objects
currentTime in seconds buffered TimeRanges object, read-only
initialTime in seconds, read-only played TimeRanges object, read-only
duration in seconds, read-only seekable TimeRanges object, read-only
startOffsetTime datetime, read-only networkState enumerated, read-only
paused boolean readyState enumerated, read-only
ended boolean, read-only error.code enumerated, read-only
autoplay boolean

List multiple <source> elements in an <audio> or <video>. HTML5-supporting browsers don’t render children of <video>, so put your Flash fallback there. Audio and video must be served with the proper MIME type, so check your Content-Type headers!

loop boolean
controls boolean
volume 0.0 to 1.0, default = 1.0
muted boolean
playbackRate default = 1.0

Offline

IsGeolocationPartOfHTML5.com Geolocation

See Chapter 8: Let’s Take This Offline. Location sharing is always opt-in. See Chapter 6: You Are Here.
Test for support window.applicationCache Test for support navigator.geolocation
<html manifest> Links to cache manifest. Functions
Cache manifest sections Position getCurrentPosition(callback, err, opt);
CACHE: Always cached. No wildcards. long watchPosition(callback, err, opt);
NETWORK: Never cached. "*" wildcards. void clearWatch(watchId);
FALLBACK: Pairs; second is used offline. void callback(position); Called on success
Events First four are most common. void err(positionError); Called on error
checking always first PositionOptions object
downloading found manifest, fetching stuff timeout in milliseconds
progress still fetching stuff maximumAge also milliseconds
cached all resources cached enableHighAccuracy true or false
noupdate manifest hasn't changed Position object (in callback) has timestamp and coords.
updateready call swapCache() to activate Coordinates object Unsupported properties will be null.
obsolete manifest is 404 (or 410) latitude in decimal degrees
error it all went wrong somewhere longitude also decimal degrees

HTTP semantics still apply to resources listed in the cache manifest, so check your Expires and Cache-Control headers. Manifest must be served as text/cache-manifest, so check your Content-Type headers too. If any required resource fails to load, application will not work offline.

altitude meters above the reference ellipsoid
accuracy in meters
altitudeAccuracy also in meters
heading degrees CCW from true north
speed in meters/second
PositionError object (in err callback) has message and code:
TIMEOUT, POSITION_UNAVAILABLE,
PERMISSION_DENIED, or UNKNOWN_ERROR

Math is hard. Let’s go shopping! Canvas

Paths are like tracing in pencil; nothing is drawn until fill() or stroke()! See Chapter 4: Let’s Call It A Draw(ing) Surface.
Basic support "getContext" in $new("canvas")
Text support typeof $new("canvas").fillText=="function"
Functions Root path is implicit; subpaths must be explicit. drawImage() can also draw video or canvas.
beginPath(); drawImage(image,dx,dy,dw,dh); quadraticCurveTo(cpx,cpy,x,y);
closePath(); rotate(angle); bezierCurveTo(cp1x,cp1y,cp2x,cp2y,x,y);
moveTo(x,y); translate(x,y); arc(x,y,radius,startAngle,endAngle,anticlockwise);
lineTo(x,y); arcTo(x1,y1,x2,y2,radius); getImageData(sx,sy,sw,sh);
rect(x,y,w,h); isPointInPath(x,y); putImageData(imagedata,dx,dy,x,y,w,h);
fill(); fillRect(x,y,w,h); fillText(text,x,y,maxWidth);
stroke(); strokeRect(x,y,w,h); strokeText(text,x,y,maxWidth);
clip(); clearRect(x,y,w,h); measureText(text);
save(); setTransform(a,b,c,d,e,f); createLinearGradient(x0,y0,x1,y1);
restore(); transform(a,b,c,d,e,f); createRadialGradient(x0,y0,r0,x1,y1,r1);
scale(x,y); createImageData(sw,sh); createPattern(image,repetition);
Properties All properties are read/write. fillStyle and strokeStyle can also be a gradient or pattern.
fillStyle CSS color, default = "black" shadowColor CSS color, default = "black"
strokeStyle CSS color, default = "black" shadowOffsetX in pixels, default = 0
font CSS font, default = "10px sans-serif" shadowOffsetY in pixels, default = 0
textAlign enumerated, default = "start" shadowBlur in pixels, default = 0
textBaseline enumerated, default = "alphabetic"

Learn about states! A canvas state includes the clipping path, all properties, and all transformations. save() pushes a state onto the stack and restore() pops it off.

globalAlpha 0.0 (transparent) to 1.0 (opaque)
lineWidth in pixels, default = 1
lineCap enumerated, default = "butt"
lineJoin enumerated, default = "miter"
miterLimit float, default = 10

Bits & Bytes

Doctype <!DOCTYPE html> Triggers standards-based rendering in all browsers. It’s 2011; stop relying on “quirks mode”!
Text encoding <meta charset="utf-8"> Always declare a charset, even if you’re a rockstar. UTF-8 is always a safe choice.
Optional end tags <html>, <head>, <body>, <li>, <p>, <dt>, <dd>, <colgroup>, <option>, <optgroup>, <rt>, <rp>,
<thead>, <tbody>, <tfoot>, <tr>, <td>. Exception: always close <p> before <table> to avoid IE weirdness.
Optional start tags <html>, <head>, <body>, <tbody>, <colgroup>. Amaze your friends! Skip the <html> tags and still validate!
New attributes <a media>, <a ping>, <base target>, <style scoped>, <script async>, <ol reversed>
Miscellaneous tests See The All-In-One Almost-Alphabetical Guide to Detecting Everything.
IndexedDB window.indexedDB contentEditable "isContentEditable" in $new("a")
Web Workers window.Worker Drag-and-drop "draggable" in $new("span")
Web Sockets window.WebSocket File API typeof FileReader!=="undefined"
X-doc messaging window.postMessage Undo history typeof UndoManager!=="undefined"
Web SQL window.openDatabase <iframe sandbox> "sandbox" in $new("iframe")
Web Storage "localStorage" in window && window["localStorage"] !== null See Chapter 7: Local Storage.
History API window.history && window.history.pushState See Chapter 11: History API.
Inline SVG function() { var e=$new("div"); e.innerHTML="<svg></svg>";
  return window.SVGSVGElement && e.firstChild instanceof window.SVGSVGElement}

Serial Number 110518 Credits

Writing Mark Pilgrim References HTML5, HTML-diff, HTML vs. XHTML
Code Modernizr (Paul Irish et. al.) Inspiration Beagle Bros
Typography Chunk, Latin Modern License CC-BY-3.0